Publications
2020
J. T. Boyer, A. N. Blumer, Z. H. Blumer, D. L. Lepkowski, and T. J. Grassman, "Reduced dislocation introduction in III-V/Si heterostructures with glide-enhancing compressively-strained superlattices," in review (2020).
Z. H. Blumer, J. T. Boyer, A. N. Blumer, D. L. Lepkowski, and T. J. Grassman, "Si-Matched BxGa1-xP Grown via Hybrid Solid‑ and Gas‑Source Molecular Beam Epitaxy," in review (2020).
D. L. Lepkowski, T. Kasher, T. J. Grassman, and S. A. Ringel, "A Model-Based Exploration of Epitaxially-Integrated Distributed Bragg Reflectors for GaAs0.75P0.25/Si Tandem Solar Cells," in review (2020).
D. L. Lepkowski, T. Kasher, J. T. Boyer, D. J. Chmielewski, T. J. Grassman and S. A. Ringel, "The Critical Role of AlInP Window Design in III–V Rear-Emitter Solar Cells," IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 10(3), 758 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2020.2978863.
V. Rogers, J. I. Deitz, A. N. Blumer, J. A. Carlin, T. J. Grassman and S. Krishna, "InAs1-ySby virtual substrates grown by MOCVD for long wave infrared detectors," Journal of Crystal Growth 535(1), 125552 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2020.125552.
2019
J. I. Deitz, P. K. Paul, R. Farshchi, D. Poplavskyy, J. Bailey, A. R. Arehart, D. W. McComb and T. J. Grassman, "Direct Nanoscale Characterization of Deep Levels in AgCuInGaSe2 Using Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy in the Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope," Advanced Energy Materials 9(35), 1901612 (2019); URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201901612.
J. T. Boyer, D. L. Lepkowski, D. J. Chmielewski and T. J. Grassman, "Modeling and experimental demonstration of short-wavelength carrier collection enhancement in Ga0.51In0.49P solar cells using graded (AlzGa1-z)xIn1-xP window-emitter structures," Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 202, 110133 (2019); URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2019.110133.
D. L. Lepkowski, J. T. Boyer, D. J. Chmielewski, A. C. Silvaggio, S. A. Ringel and T. J. Grassman, "Investigation of Rear-Emitter GaAs0.75P0.25 Top Cells for Application to III-V/Si Tandem Photovoltaics," IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 9(6), 1644 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2019.2939069.
S. Karki, P. Paul, J. I. Deitz, D. Poudel, G. Rajan, B. Belfore, E. O. Danilov, F. N. Castellano, T. J. Grassman, A. Arehart, A. Rockett and S. Marsillac, "Degradation Mechanism in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Material and Solar Cells Due to Moisture and Heat Treatment of the Absorber Layer," IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 9(4), 1138 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2019.2912707.
S. Karki, J. I. Deitz, G. Rajan, S. Soltanmohammad, D. Poudel, B. Belfore, G. Bhandari, T. J. Grassman, A. Rockett and S. Marsillac, "Impact of Water Ingress on Molybdenum Thin Films and Its Effect on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells," IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 10(2), 696 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2019.2959947.
J. S. Jamison, B. J. May, J. I. Deitz, S.-C. Chien, D. W. McComb, T. J. Grassman, W. Windl and R. C. Myers, "Ferromagnetic Epitaxial μ-Fe2O3 on β-Ga2O3: A New Monoclinic form of Fe2O3," Crystal Growth & Design 19(8), 4205 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.9b00029.
D. L. Lepkowski, T. Kasher, J. T. Boyer, D. J. Chmielewski, T. J. Grassman and S. A. Ringel, "The Critical Role of Window Design in Rear-Emitter Solar Cells," 46th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 1021 (2019); URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.8981145.
T. J. Grassman, D. L. Lepkowski, J. T. Boyer, D. J. Chmielewski, C. Yi, N. Western, H. Mehrvarz, A. Ho-Baillie, C. Kerestes, D. Derkacs, S. G. Whipple, A. P. Stavrides, S. P. Bremner and S. A. Ringel, "Toward >25% Efficient Monolithic Epitaxial GaAsP/Si Tandem Solar Cells," 46th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 0734 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.8980574.
J. T. Boyer, D. L. Lepkowski, D. J. Chmielewski, D. Derkacs, C. Kerestes, A. Stavrides, S. Whipple, S. A. Ringel and T. J. Grassman, "Development and Characterization of III-V/Si Multijunction Photovoltaics for Space Application," 46th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 2822 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.8980737.
Z. Taghipour, V. Dahiya, T. Grassman, J. M. Fastenau, A. W. K. Liu, D. Lubyshev and S. Krishna, "Temperature-dependent minority carrier lifetime in InAsSb nBn detectors on alternative substrates," SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications 11129, 1112905 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2529497.
A. N. Blumer, J. T. Boyer, J. I. Deitz, F. A. Rodriguez and T. J. Grassman, "Quantitative Characterization of Misfit Dislocations at GaP/Si Heteroepitaxial Interfaces via Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging and Semi-Automated Image Analysis," Microscopy and Microanalysis 25(S2), 202 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927619001740.
J. I. Deitz, J. M. Walls, J. W. Bowers, T. J. Grassman and D. W. McComb, "Characterization of Sub-Bandgap Plasmon Excitations in Transparent Conducting Oxides with Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy," Microscopy and Microanalysis 25(S2), 600 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927619003738.
D. J. Chmielewski, D. L. Lepkowski, J. T. Boyer, T. J. Grassman and S. A. Ringel, "Comparative Study of ~2.05 eV Lattice-Matched and Metamorphic (Al)GaInP Solar Cells Grown by MOCVD," IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 8(6), 1601 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2018.2868032.
K. Galiano, J. I. Deitz, S. D. Carnevale, D. A. Gleason, P. K. Paul, Z. Zhang, B. M. McSkimming, J. S. Speck, S. A. Ringel, T. J. Grassman, A. R. Arehart and J. P. Pelz, "Spatial correlation of the EC-0.57 eV trap state with edge dislocations in epitaxial n-type gallium nitride," Journal of Applied Physics 123(22), 224504 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5022806.
J. I. Deitz, A. T. M. G. Sarwar, S. D. Carnevale, T. J. Grassman, R. C. Myers and D. W. McComb, "Nano-Cathodoluminescence Measurement of Asymmetric Carrier Trapping and Radiative Recombination in GaN and InGaN Quantum Disks," Microscopy and Microanalysis 24(2), 93 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1017/S143192761800017X.
J. I. Deitz, S. Karki, S. X. Marsillac, T. J. Grassman and D. W. McComb, "Bandgap profiling in CIGS solar cells via valence electron energy-loss spectroscopy," Journal of Applied Physics 123(11), 115703 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5011658.
V. Dahiya, J. I. Deitz, D. A. Hollingshead, J. A. Carlin, T. J. Grassman and S. Krishna, "Investigation of digital alloyed AlInSb metamorphic buffers," Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 36(2), 02D111 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1116/1.5018260.
J. I. Deitz, P. K. Paul, S. Karki, S. Marsillac, A. R. Arehart, J. M. Walls, J. W. Bowers, T. J. Grassman, and D. W. McComb, “Characterization of Sub-Bandgap Energy States in CuInxGa1-xSe2 and Transparent Conducting Oxides with Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy,” Microscopy and Microanalysis 24(S1), 456 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927618002775.
T. J. Grassman, K. Galiano, J. I. Deitz, S. D. Carnevale, D. A. Gleason, Z. Zhang, S. A. Ringel, A. R. Arehart, and J. P. Pelz, “Correlative Defect Characterization in Semiconductors via Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging and Scanning Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy,” Microscopy and Microanalysis 24(S1), 1056 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927618005767.
D. J. Chmielewski, D. L. Lepkowski, J. T. Boyer, J. A. Carlin, T. J. Grassman, and S. A. Ringel, "High Performance Metamorphic Tunnel Junctions for GaAsP/Si Tandem Solar Cells Grown via MOCVD," 7th IEEE World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 2631 (2018); https:/dx.doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547444.
J. I. Deitz, P. K. Paul, S. Karki, S. X. Marsillac, A. R. Arehart, T. J. Grassman, and D. W. McComb, "Nanoscale Electronic Structure Characterization in CIGS with Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy," 7th IEEE World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 3914 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547398.
D. L. Lepkowski, J. T. Boyer, D. J. Chmielewski, A. C. Silvaggio, S. A. Ringel, and T. J. Grassman, "Investigation of Rear-Emitter GaAsP Top Cells for use in III-V/Si Tandem Photovoltaics," 7th IEEE World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 2642 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547748.
G. Rajan, S. Karki, D. Poudel, B. Belfore, T. J. Grassman, A. Rockett, and S. Marsillac, "Study of Instabilities and Degradation due to Moisture Ingress in the Molybdenum back contact of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells," 7th IEEE World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 3037 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547368.
C. Yi, F. Ma, H. Mehrvarz, D. Lepkowski, J. Boyer, D. Chmielewski, J. A. Carlin, S. A. Ringel, T. J. Grassman, A. Ho-Baillie, and S. Bremner, "Effect of Silicon Front Surface Doping Profile on GaP/Si Heterostructure for III-V/GaP/Si Multi-junction Solar Cells," 7th IEEE World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 0275 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547600.
C. M. Jackson, A. R. Arehart, T. J. Grassman, B. McSkimming, J. S. Speck and S. A. Ringel, "Impact of Surface Treatment on Interface States of ALD Al2O3/GaN Interfaces," ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology 6(8), P489 (2017); http://doi.org/10.1149/2.0041708jss.
J. I. Deitz, P. K. Paul, S. Karki, S. Marsillac, A. R. Arehart, T. J. Grassman and D. W. McComb, "Detecting Sub Bandgap Energies in CIGS with Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy," Microscopy and Microanalysis 23(S1), 1546 (2017); http://doi.org/10.1017/S143192761700839X.
J. Demuth, E. Fahrenkrug, L. Ma, T. Shodiya, J. I. Deitz, T. J. Grassman, and S. Maldonado, "Electrochemical Liquid Phase Epitaxy (ec-LPE): A New Methodology for the Synthesis of Crystalline Group IV Semiconductor Epifilms," Journal of the American Chemical Society 139(20), 6960 (2017); http://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b01968.
S. Karki, P. K. Paul, G. Rajan, T. Ashrafee, K. Aryal, P. Pradhan, R. W. Collins, A. Rockett, T. J. Grassman, S. A. Ringel, A. R. Arehart and S. Marsillac, "In Situ and Ex Situ Investigations of KF Postdeposition Treatment Effects on CIGS Solar Cells," IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 7(2), 665 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2016.2637659.
C. M. Jackson, A. R. Arehart, T. J. Grassman, B. McSkimming, J. S. Speck and S. A. Ringel, "Impact of Surface Treatment on Interface States of ALD Al2O3/GaN Interfaces," ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology 6(8), P489 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0041708jss.
J. Demuth, E. Fahrenkrug, L. Ma, T. Shodiya, J. I. Deitz, T. J. Grassman and S. Maldonado, "Electrochemical Liquid Phase Epitaxy (ec-LPE): A New Methodology for the Synthesis of Crystalline Group IV Semiconductor Epifilms," Journal of the American Chemical Society 139(20), 6960 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b01968.
J. I. Deitz, P. K. Paul, S. Karki, S. Marsillac, A. R. Arehart, T. J. Grassman and D. W. McComb, "Detecting Sub Bandgap Energies in CIGS with Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy," Microscopy and Microanalysis 23(S1), 1546 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1017/S143192761700839X.
P. K. Paul, K. Aryal, S. Marsillac, T. J. Grassman, S. A. Ringel and A. R. Arehart, "Identifying the source of reduced performance in 1-stage-grown Cu(In, Ga)Se2 solar cells," 43rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 3641 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2016.7750353.
T. J. Grassman, D. J. Chmielewski, S. D. Carnevale, J. A. Carlin and S. A. Ringel, "GaAs0.75P0.25/Si Dual-Junction Solar Cells Grown by MBE and MOCVD," IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 6(1), 326 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2015.2493365.
T. J. Grassman, D. J. Chmielewski, J. A. Carlin and S. A. Ringel, "Development of epitaxial 2- and 3-junction III-V/Si solar cells," 43rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 2036 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2016.7749986.
E. García-Tabarés, J. A. Carlin, T. J. Grassman, D. Martín, I. Rey-Stolle and S. A. Ringel, "Evolution of silicon bulk lifetime during III–V-on-Si multijunction solar cell epitaxial growth," Progress in Photovoltaics 24(5), 634 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.2703.
R. M. France, F. Dimroth, T. J. Grassman and R. R. King, "Metamorphic epitaxy for multijunction solar cells," MRS Bulletin 41(03), 202 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2016.25.
J. I. Deitz, D. W. McComb and T. J. Grassman, "Advancement of Heteroepitaxial III-V/Si Thin Films through Defect Characterization," Microscopy and Microanalysis, 1538 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1017/s1431927616008539.
J. I. Deitz, D. W. McComb and T. J. Grassman, "Probing the electronic structure at the heterovalent GaP/Si interface using electron energy-loss spectroscopy," 43rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 1545 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2016.7749878.
J. I. Deitz, T. J. Grassman and D. W. McComb, "Accessing High Spatial Resolution Low-Loss EELS Information without Cerenkov Radiation," Microscopy and Microanalysis, New York, USA, 976 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1017/s1431927616005729.
J. I. Deitz, S. D. Carnevale, M. D. Graef, D. W. McComb and T. J. Grassman, "Characterization of encapsulated quantum dots via electron channeling contrast imaging," Applied Physics Letters 109(6), 062101 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4960643.
D. J. Chmielewski, K. Galiano, P. Paul, D. Cardwell, S. Carnevale, J. A. Carlin, A. R. Arehart, T. J. Grassman and S. A. Ringel, "Comparative study of 2.05 eV AlGaInP and metamorphic GaInP materials and solar cells grown by MBE and MOCVD," 43rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 3411 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2016.7750300.
A. T. M. G. Sarwar, B. J. May, J. I. Deitz, T. J. Grassman, D. W. McComb and R. C. Myers, "Tunnel junction enhanced nanowire ultraviolet light emitting diodes," Applied Physics Letters 107(10), 101103 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4930593.
P. K. Paul, D. W. Cardwell, C. M. Jackson, K. Galiano, K. Aryal, J. P. Pelz, S. Marsillac, S. A. Ringel, T. J. Grassman and A. R. Arehart, "Direct nm-scale spatial mapping of traps in CIGS," 42nd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (2015); https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2015.7355656.
P. K. Paul, D. W. Cardwell, C. M. Jackson, K. Galiano, K. Aryal, J. P. Pelz, S. Marsillac, S. A. Ringel, T. J. Grassman and A. R. Arehart, "Direct nm-Scale Spatial Mapping of Traps in CIGS," IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 5(5), 1482 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2015.2459971.
I. Al-Mansouri, S. Bremner, A. Ho-Baillie, H. Mehrvarz, X. Hao, G. Conibeer, T. J. Grassman, J. A. Carlin, A. Haas, S. A. Ringel and M. A. Green, "Designing Bottom Silicon Solar Cells for Multijunction Devices," IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 5(2), 683 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2014.2381875.
T. J. Grassman, D. J. Chmielewski, S. D. Carnevale, J. A. Carlin and S. A. Ringel, "GaAsP/Si dual-junction solar cells grown by MBE and MOCVD," 42nd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, 1-5 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2015.7356384.
E. Garcia-Tabares, T. J. Grassman, D. Martin, J. Carlin, I. Rey-Stolle and S. A. Ringel, "Evolution of the silicon bottom cell photovoltaic behavior during III-V on Si multi-junction solar cells production," 42nd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (2015); https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2015.7356380.
J. I. Deitz, S. D. Carnevale, S. A. Ringel, D. W. McComb and T. J. Grassman, "Extending characterization applications of electron channeling contrast imaging," 42nd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (2015); https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2015.7356198.
J. I. Deitz, S. D. Carnevale, S. A. Ringel, D. W. McComb and T. J. Grassman, "Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging for Rapid III-V Heteroepitaxial Characterization," Journal of Visualized Experiments 101, e52745 (2015); https://doi.org/10.3791/52745.
J. I. Deitz, S. D. Carnevale, D. W. McComb, S. A. Ringel and T. J. Grassman, "Site-Specific TEM Specimen Preparation of Samples with Sub-Surface Features," Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2157 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927615011563.
J. I. Deitz, S. D. Carnevale, D. W. McComb, S. A. Ringel and T. J. Grassman, "Novel Applications of Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging," Microscopy and Microanalysis, 1897 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927615010260.
D. J. Chmielewski, S. Carnevale, T. J. Grassman, J. A. Carlin and S. A. Ringel, "High-performance metamorphic tunnel junctions for III-V/Si multijunction solar cells," 42nd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (2015); https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2015.7356382.
S. D. Carnevale, J. I. Deitz, J. A. Carlin, Y. N. Picard, D. W. McComb, M. D. Graef, S. A. Ringel and T. J. Grassman, "Applications of Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging for the Rapid Characterization of Extended Defects in III-V/Si Heterostructures," IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 5(2), 676 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2014.2379111.
D. W. Cardwell, N. Vaughn, P. Paul, C. Ratcliff, D. Chmielewski, S. Carnevale, A. Arehart, T. J. Grassman and S. A. Ringel, "Investigations of metamorphic (Al)GaInP for III-V multijunction photovoltaics," 42nd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (2015); https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2015.7356437.
C. Ratcliff, T. J. Grassman, J. A. Carlin, D. J. Chmielewski and S. A. Ringel, "Ga-rich GaxIn1-xP solar cells on Si with 1.95 eV bandgap for ideal III-V/Si photovoltaics," Proc. SPIE 8981: Physics, Simulation, and Photonic Engineering of Photovoltaic Devices III, 898118 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2042017.
T. J. Grassman, J. A. Carlin, B. Galiana, F. Yang, M. J. Mills and S. A. Ringel, "MOCVD-Grown GaP/Si Subcells for Integrated III-V/Si Multijunction Photovoltaics," IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 4(3), 972 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2014.2308727.
T. J. Grassman, J. A. Carlin, S. D. Carnevale, I. A. Mansouri, H. Mehrvarz, S. Bremner, A. Ho-Baillie, E. Garcia-Tabares, I. Rey-Stolle, M. A. Green and S. A. Ringe, "Progress toward a Si-plus architecture: epitaxially-integrable Si sub-cells for III-V/Si multijunction photovoltaics," 40th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (2014); https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC-Vol2.2014.7588253.
J. Deitz, S. Carnevale, M. De Graef, Y. N. Picard, S. A. Ringel, T. J. Grassman and D. W. McComb, "Using Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging for Misfit Dislocation Characterization in Heteroepitaxial III-V/Si Thin Films," Microscopy and Microanalysis 20(S3), 552 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927614004486.
D. J. Chmielewski, T. J. Grassman, A. M. Carlin, J. A. Carlin, A. J. Speelman and S. A. Ringel, "Metamorphic GaAsP Tunnel Junctions for High-Efficiency III-V/IV Multijunction Solar Cell Technology," IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 4(5), 1301 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2014.2328592.
S. D. Carnevale, J. I. Deitz, J. A. Carlin, Y. N. Picard, M. De Graef, S. A. Ringel and T. J. Grassman, "Rapid characterization of extended defects in III-V/Si by electron channeling contrast imaging," 40th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, 2800 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2014.6925512.
S. D. Carnevale, J. I. Deitz, J. A. Carlin, Y. N. Picard, M. De Graef, S. A. Ringel and T. J. Grassman, "Rapid misfit dislocation characterization in heteroepitaxial III-V/Si thin films by electron channeling contrast imaging," Applied Physics Letters 104(23), 232111 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4883371.
S. A. Ringel, J. A. Carlin, T. J. Grassman, B. Galiana, A. M. Carlin, C. Ratcliff, D. J. Chmielewski, L. Yang, M. J. Mills, I. Al-Mansouri, S. P. Bremner, A. Ho-Baillie, X. Hao, H. Mehrvarz, G. Conibeer and M. A. Green, "Ideal GaP/Si Heterostructures Grown by MOCVD: III-V/Active-Si Subcells, Multijuntions, and MBE-to-MOCVD III-V/Si Interface Science," 39th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 3383 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2013.6745175.
I. Al-Mansouri, S. Bremner, A. Ho-Baillie, H. Mehrvarz, X. Hao, G. Conibeer, M. A. Green, T. J. Grassman, J. A. Carlin and S. A. Ringel, "Design of bottom silicon solar cell for multijunction devices," 39th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 3310 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2013.6745159.
A. Haas, P. Sharps, D. Aiken, T. J. Grassman, J. A. Carlin and S. A. Ringel, "Analysis of Short- and Long-Term Performance Goals for III/V on Active Si Concentrator Solar Cells," 39th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 0867 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2013.6744282.
M. A. Green, X. Hao, S. Bremner, G. J. Conibeer, I. A. Mansouri, N. Song, Z. Liu, S. A. Ringel, J. A. Carlin, T. J. Grassman, B. Galiana, A. M. Carlin, C. Ratcliff, D. Chmielewski, L. Yang, M. J. Mills, G. Teeter and M. Young, "Silicon Wafer-Based Tandem Cells: The Ultimate Photovoltaic Solution?," 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 7 (2013); https://doi.org/10.4229/28thEUPVSEC2013-1AP.1.2.
T. J. Grassman, D. B. Shah, J. A. Carlin and S. A. Ringel, "Exploration of Epitaxial Quantum Dots within Wide Band Gap Metamorphic Host Materials for Intermediate Band Solar Cells," 39th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 0284 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2013.6744148.
T. J. Grassman, C. Ratcliff, A. M. Carlin, J. A. Carlin, L. Yang, M. J. Mills and S. A. Ringel, "III-V/GaP Epitaxy on Si for Advanced Photovoltaics and Green Light Emitters," ECS Transactions 50(9), 321 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1149/05009.0321ecst.
T. J. Grassman, J. A. Carlin, C. Ratcliff, D. J. Chmielewski and S. A. Ringel, "Epitaxially-Grown Metamorphic GaAsP/Si Dual-Junction Solar Cells," 39th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 0149 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2013.6744117.
T. J. Grassman, J. A. Carlin, B. Galiana, L.-M. Yang, F. Yang, M. J. Mills and S. A. Ringel, "Nucleation-related defect-free GaP/Si(100) heteroepitaxy via metal-organic chemical vapor deposition," Applied Physics Letters 102(14), 142102 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4801498.
D. J. Chmielewski, T. J. Grassman, A. M. Carlin, C. Ratcliff and S. A. Ringel, "Metamorphic Tunnel Junctions for High Efficiency III-V/IV Multi-Junction Solar Cell Technology," 39th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 0882 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2013.6744285.
K. Swaminathan, T. J. Grassman, L.-M. Yang, D. Chmielewski, M. Mills and S. A. Ringel, "Impact of threading dislocation density on metamorphic InxGa1-xAs and InzGa1-zP p-i-n photodetectors on GaAs," Proc. SPIE 8257: Optical Components and Materials IX, 82571A (2012); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.908581.
T. J. Grassman, A. M. Carlin, J. Grandal, C. Ratcliff, L. Yang, M. J. Mills and S. A. Ringel, "Spectrum-optimized Si-based III-V multijunction photovoltaics," Proceedings of the SPIE 8256: Physics, Simulation, and Photonic Engineering of Photovoltaic Devices, 82560R (2012); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.909658.
J. Grandal, T. J. Grassman, A. M. Carlin, M. R. Brenner, B. Galiana, J. A. Carlin, L.-M. Yang, M. J. Mills and S. A. Ringel, "Growth and characterization of InGaAs quantum dots on metamorphic GaAsP templates by molecular beam epitaxy," 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 001783 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2012.6317939.
A. M. Carlin, T. J. Grassman, M. R. Brenner, J. Grandal, C. Ratcliff, Y. Limei, M. Mills, P. Sharma, E. A. Fitzgerald and S. A. Ringel, "Lattice-matched GaP/SiGe virtual substrates for low-dislocation density GaInP/GaAsP/Si solar cells," 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 000918 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2012.6317752.
L.-M. Yang, K. Swaminathan, T. Grassman, S. Ringel and M. Mills, "Threading Dislocations in Metamorphic In0.20Ga0.80As Grown on GaAs Substrates," Microscopy and Microanalysis 17(S2), 1652 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927611009135.
K. Swaminathan, L.-M. Yang, T. J. Grassman, G. Tabares, A. Guzman, A. Hierro, M. J. Mills and S. A. Ringel, "Metamorphic In0.20Ga0.80As p-i-n photodetectors grown on GaAs substrates for near infrared applications," Optics Express 19(8), 7280 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.007280.
K. Swaminathan, T. J. Grassman, L. M. Yang, Q. Gu, M. J. Mills and S. A. Ringel, "Optically-aligned visible/near-infrared dual-band photodetector materials and devices on GaAs using metamorphic epitaxy," Journal of Applied Physics 110(6), 063109 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3642981.
S. A. Ringel and T. J. Grassman, "III-V Solar Cells on Silicon" in III-V Compound Semiconductors: Integration with Silicon-Based Microelectronics, edited by T. Li, M. Mastro and A. Dadgar (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2011), pp. 523-576; httpss://www.crcpress.com/IIIV-Compound-Semiconductors-Integration-with-Silicon-Based-Microelectronics/Li-Mastro-Dadgar/p/book/9781439815229.
C. Ratcliff, T. J. Grassman, J. A. Carlin and S. A. Ringel, "High temperature step-flow growth of gallium phosphide by molecular beam epitaxy and metalorganic chemical vapor deposition," Applied Physics Letters 99, 141905 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3644956.
T. J. Grassman, A. M. Carlin, K. Swaminathan, C. Ratcliff, J. Grandal, L.-M. Yang, M. J. Mills and S. A. Ringel, "Expanding the Palette: Metamorphic Strategies over Multiple Lattice Constant Ranges for Extending the Spectrum of Accessible Photovoltaic Materials," 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 003375 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2011.6186671.
T. J. Grassman, A. M. Carlin, J. Grandal, C. Ratcliff, L. Yang, M. J. Mills and S. A. Ringel, "Development of Epitaxially-Integrated Semi-Transparent Metamorphic Buffers for III-V/Si Space Photovoltaics," Proc. Space Power Research and Technology Conference XXII (2011).
J. S. Lee, S. R. Bishop, T. J. Grassman and A. C. Kummel, "Plasma nitridation of Ge(100) surface studied by scanning tunneling microscopy," Surface Science 604(15-16), 1239 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2010.03.030.
T. J. Grassman, A. M. Carlin and S. A. Ringel, "Metamorphic GaAsP and InGaP photovoltaic materials on Si for high-efficiency III-V/Si multijunction solar cells," 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 002029 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2010.5616938.
T. J. Grassman, M. R. Brenner, M. Gonzalez, A. M. Carlin, R. R. Unocic, R. R. Dehoff, M. J. Mills and S. A. Ringel, "Characterization of Metamorphic GaAsP/Si Materials and Devices for Photovoltaic Applications," IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 57(12), 3361 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1109/TED.2010.2082310.
N. L. Tran, S. R. Bishop, T. J. Grassman, G. C. Poon, F. I. Bohrer, W. C. Trogler and A. C. Kummel, "NO chemisorption dynamics on thick FePc and ttbu-FePc films," Journal of Chemical Physics 130(17), 174305 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3085808.
T. J. Grassman, M. R. Brenner, S. Rajagopalan, R. Unocic, R. Dehoff, M. J. Mills, H. Fraser and S. A. Ringel, "Control and elimination of nucleation-related defects in GaP/Si(001) heteroepitaxy," Applied Physics Letters 94(23), 232106 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3154548.
T. J. Grassman, M. R. Brenner, A. M. Carlin, S. Rajagopalan, R. Unocic, R. Dehoff, M. Mills, H. Fraser and S. A. Ringel, "Toward metamorphic multijunction GaAsP/Si photovoltaics grown on optimized GaP/Si virtual substrates using anion-graded GaAsyP1-y buffers," 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 002016 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2009.5411489.
T. J. Grassman, S. R. Bishop and A. C. Kummel, "Density Functional Theory Study of First-Layer Adsorption of ZrO2 and HfO2 on Ge(100)," Microelectronic Engineering 86(3), 249 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2007.12.087.
D. L. Feldwinn, J. B. Clemens, J. Shen, S. R. Bishop, T. J. Grassman, A. C. Kummel, R. Droopad and M. Passlack, "Anomalous hybridization in the In-rich InAs(001) reconstruction," Surface Science 603(22), 3321 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2009.09.026.
T. J. Grassman, S. R. Bishop and A. C. Kummel, "An Atomic View of Fermi Level Pinning of Ge(100) by O2," Surface Science 602(14), 2373 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2008.05.019.
D. L. Winn, M. J. Hale, T. J. Grassman, J. Z. Sexton and A. C. Kummel, "Electronic properties of adsorbates on GaAs(001)-c(2x8)/(2x4)," Journal of Chemical Physics 127(13), 134705 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2786097.
D. L. Winn, M. J. Hale, T. J. Grassman, A. C. Kummel, R. Droopad and M. Passlack, "Direct and indirect causes of Fermi level pinning at the SiO/GaAs interface," Journal of Chemical Physics 126(8), 084703 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2363183.
D. L. Winn, T. J. Grassman and A. C. Kummel, "Electronic Properties of Adsorbates on In0.37Ga0.63As(001)-(2×4)," ECS Transactions 11(4), 441 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2779580.
M. Hale, D. Winn, T. Grassman, A. Kummel and R. Droopad, "Chemically resolved scanning tunneling microscopy imaging of Al on p-type Al0.1Ga0.9As(001)-c(2x8)/(2x4)," Journal of Chemical Physics 122(12), 124702 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1846051.
T. Grassman, G. Poon and A. Kummel, "Low coverage spontaneous etching and hyperthermal desorption of aluminum chlorides from Cl2/Al(111)," Journal of Chemical Physics 121(18), 9018 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1805495.
G. Poon, T. Grassman, J. Gumy and A. Kummel, "Direct and precursor-mediated hyperthermal abstractive chemisorption of Cl2/Al(111)," Journal of Chemical Physics 119(18), 9818 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1615471.
Knowles, T. Grassman and A. Marcus, "Measurement of the dynamic structure function of fluorescently labeled complex fluids by Fourier imaging correlation spectroscopy," Physical Review Letters 85(13), 2837 (2000); https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.2837.
T. Grassman, M. Knowles and A. Marcus, "Structure and dynamics of fluorescently labeled complex fluids by Fourier imaging correlation spectroscopy," Physical Review E 62(6), 8245 (2000); https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.62.8245.
Link List
Electrical and Computer Engineering